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Thermal overload relays are protective devices used in electrical circuits to prevent motors and other electrical equipment from overheating due to excessive current. They operate based on the principle of thermal expansion, where a bimetallic strip bends when exposed to prolonged overcurrent, triggering a switch to disconnect the power supply. This helps avoid damage to motors, reducing the risk of fire or equipment failure. These relays are commonly used in conjunction with contactors in motor protection circuits and can be adjusted to match the motor's rated current for effective protection.